The Sashfold 100
A hundred pages of the web, fetched and rendered every night by Sashfold itself — its own HTTP, TLS policy, HTML and CSS parsers, layout, fonts, image decoders and script engine — at a 1024×768 viewport, each page's scripts run for three seconds of virtual time before the picture is taken. Each card links to the full picture (cut at 2400 px) and says what the load cost. The sites come from the Tranco list K9QPW of 2026-09-01, the research ranking of the web's most visited domains; the number after each site is its rank there. Nothing here is retouched: a page that arrives blank is shown blank.
This copy was rendered on a Linux runner; the same hundred pages drawn by the other build are at the Windows render.
What the hundred ask for that is not written yet
Every page's stylesheets are read for the features Sashfold does not do yet, counted as declarations; a row's card names its three biggest asks. This is the honest reason a page looks wrong, and the order the engine work goes in: by pages asking.
| Feature | Pages asking | Declarations | |
|---|---|---|---|
| rotations, scales and skews (translations are drawn) | 71 pages | 3381 declarations | |
| filters, clipping paths, masks | 68 pages | 2047 declarations | |
| text-overflow | 64 pages | 1173 declarations | |
| @supports, @layer, @container, @scope | 48 pages | 4610 declarations | |
| multi-column layout | 39 pages | 163 declarations |
Where the seconds go
Over the pages that loaded, what the time from request to pixels was spent on, three ways: the network's steps as the loader clocked every fetch, the network by what was fetched, and the engine's own phases. Each step is the median page's milliseconds and its share of the hundred's sum; a page's network is serial today, one fetch after another on the one thread, so the steps add up. This is the number the speed work goes after, in the order it goes.
| Step | Median page | Share | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Request to pixels, the whole | 2647 ms | 100% | |
| Network, all of it | 1105 ms | 38% | |
| Network: name lookups | 125 ms | 4% | |
| Network: TCP connects | 13 ms | 0% | |
| Network: TLS handshakes | 94 ms | 2% | |
| Network: waiting for the first byte | 579 ms | 24% | |
| Network: the rest of each response | 67 ms | 4% | |
| Fetched: the page itself | 181 ms | 3% | |
| Fetched: stylesheets | 32 ms | 4% | |
| Fetched: scripts | 170 ms | 13% | |
| Fetched: pictures | 136 ms | 8% | |
| Fetched: fonts | 7 ms | 0% | |
| Fetched: fetch() and XMLHttpRequest | 84 ms | 8% | |
| Engine, all of it | 1728 ms | 61% | |
| Engine: parse, with the scripts run inside it | 1329 ms | 59% | |
| Engine: scripts run, their own fetches taken out | 915 ms | 34% | |
| Engine: stylesheets read | 0 ms | 0% | |
| Engine: style | 41 ms | 1% | |
| Engine: pictures decoded | 38 ms | 3% | |
| Engine: layout | 27 ms | 0% | |
| Engine: paint | 61 ms | 0% |
The slowest of the hundred, and what each was: the whole, the network's part of it, the engine's.
| Page | To pixels | Network | Engine | Requests |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| microsoft.com | 74.4 s | 70.8 s | 3.5 s | 212 |
| theguardian.com | 63.3 s | 16.8 s | 46.5 s | 317 |
| aljazeera.com | 40.7 s | 15.7 s | 25.1 s | 298 |
| spiegel.de | 38.8 s | 2.2 s | 36.6 s | 27 |
| dw.com | 29.0 s | 2.3 s | 26.7 s | 23 |
| w3schools.com | 28.6 s | 4.6 s | 23.9 s | 64 |
| cnn.com | 28.5 s | 1.4 s | 27.1 s | 148 |
| npr.org | 28.0 s | 6.4 s | 21.6 s | 190 |
| apnews.com | 22.5 s | 7.6 s | 14.9 s | 163 |
| nasa.gov | 20.9 s | 15.8 s | 5.0 s | 112 |
Wikipedia pictures rendered 2026-10-18 2:00 AM MST
The same article, "Web browser", in nine languages: Latin script with its accents, Japanese, Chinese, Cyrillic, and two right-to-left scripts.
en.wikipedia.org #31 200
Web browser - Wikipedia
English
1.9 s to pixels · 9616 px tall · 17 sheets · 12 pictures
asks for @supports, @layer, @container, @scope ×174, filters, clipping paths, masks ×43, rotations, scales and skews (translations are drawn) ×32, and 2 more
de.wikipedia.org #31 200
Webbrowser – Wikipedia
German
1.8 s to pixels · 9132 px tall · 9 sheets · 18 pictures
asks for @supports, @layer, @container, @scope ×246, filters, clipping paths, masks ×60, rotations, scales and skews (translations are drawn) ×33, and 2 more
fr.wikipedia.org #31 200
Navigateur web — Wikipédia
French
2.1 s to pixels · 11075 px tall · 7 sheets · 21 pictures
asks for @supports, @layer, @container, @scope ×172, filters, clipping paths, masks ×38, rotations, scales and skews (translations are drawn) ×29, and 2 more
es.wikipedia.org #31 200
Navegador web - Wikipedia, la enciclopedia libre
Spanish
1.0 s to pixels · 8566 px tall · 8 sheets · 11 pictures
asks for @supports, @layer, @container, @scope ×172, filters, clipping paths, masks ×38, rotations, scales and skews (translations are drawn) ×31, and 2 more
ja.wikipedia.org #31 200
ウェブブラウザ - Wikipedia
Japanese
2.5 s to pixels · 7314 px tall · 13 sheets · 16 pictures
asks for @supports, @layer, @container, @scope ×173, filters, clipping paths, masks ×40, rotations, scales and skews (translations are drawn) ×29, and 2 more
zh.wikipedia.org #31 200
网页浏览器 - 维基百科，自由的百科全书
Chinese
6.9 s to pixels · 6973 px tall · 17 sheets · 23 pictures
asks for @supports, @layer, @container, @scope ×179, filters, clipping paths, masks ×55, rotations, scales and skews (translations are drawn) ×42, and 2 more
ru.wikipedia.org #31 200
Браузер — Википедия
Russian
2.6 s to pixels · 9692 px tall · 13 sheets · 16 pictures
asks for @supports, @layer, @container, @scope ×390, filters, clipping paths, masks ×82, rotations, scales and skews (translations are drawn) ×48, and 2 more
ar.wikipedia.org #31 200
متصفح ويب - ويكيبيديا
Arabic — right-to-left text is not written yet
2.5 s to pixels · 7921 px tall · 17 sheets · 18 pictures
asks for @supports, @layer, @container, @scope ×247, filters, clipping paths, masks ×61, rotations, scales and skews (translations are drawn) ×33, and 2 more
he.wikipedia.org #31 200
דפדפן – ויקיפדיה
Hebrew — right-to-left text is not written yet
2.3 s to pixels · 4515 px tall · 7 sheets · 11 pictures
asks for @supports, @layer, @container, @scope ×181, filters, clipping paths, masks ×47, rotations, scales and skews (translations are drawn) ×33, and 2 more
Documentation
The reference pages programmers keep open: long text, code blocks, tables, sidebars.
developer.mozilla.org #98 200
flex CSS property - CSS | MDN
MDN's page on the flex shorthand
8.0 s to pixels · 14834 px tall · 18 sheets · 3 pictures · 3 fonts
asks for @supports, @layer, @container, @scope ×32, rotations, scales and skews (translations are drawn) ×4, filters, clipping paths, masks ×1, and 1 more
en.cppreference.com #16499 403
Just a moment...
std::vector on cppreference
13.6 s to pixels · 768 px tall · 2 sheets · 1 picture (1 failed)
asks for rotations, scales and skews (translations are drawn) ×17
docs.rs #5925 200
serde - Rust
A crate's documentation on docs.rs
798 ms to pixels · 2186 px tall · 5 sheets · 0 pictures · 8 fonts
asks for rotations, scales and skews (translations are drawn) ×35, filters, clipping paths, masks ×20, text-overflow ×7
learn.microsoft.com #6 200
C# docs - get started, tutorials, reference. - A tour of C# | Microsoft Learn
A tour of C# on Microsoft Learn
5.8 s to pixels · 3635 px tall · 6 sheets · 0 pictures · 1 font
asks for rotations, scales and skews (translations are drawn) ×67, filters, clipping paths, masks ×17, @supports, @layer, @container, @scope ×9, and 2 more
docs.python.org #746 200
3. An Informal Introduction to Python — Python 3.15.0 documentation
The Python tutorial
439 ms to pixels · 11094 px tall · 5 sheets · 3 pictures
asks for rotations, scales and skews (translations are drawn) ×3
doc.rust-lang.org #6808 200
Variables and Mutability - The Rust Programming Language
A chapter of the Rust book
1.5 s to pixels · 4682 px tall · 9 sheets · 2 pictures · 5 fonts
asks for rotations, scales and skews (translations are drawn) ×3, filters, clipping paths, masks ×2, text-overflow ×1
man7.org #3584 200
open(2) - Linux manual page
A Linux manual page
1.2 s to pixels · 20552 px tall · 2 sheets · 1 picture
sqlite.org #4726 200
SELECT
SQLite's SELECT, with its railroad diagrams
688 ms to pixels · 13203 px tall · 1 sheet · 1 picture
postgresql.org #1258 200
PostgreSQL: Documentation: 18: SELECT
PostgreSQL's SELECT reference
3.1 s to pixels · 24181 px tall · 5 sheets · 1 picture · 3 fonts
asks for rotations, scales and skews (translations are drawn) ×15, filters, clipping paths, masks ×2, @supports, @layer, @container, @scope ×1, and 2 more
go.dev #3270 200
Effective Go - The Go Programming Language
Effective Go
2.6 s to pixels · 46909 px tall · 2 sheets · 23 pictures · 1 font
asks for filters, clipping paths, masks ×9, rotations, scales and skews (translations are drawn) ×5, text-overflow ×3, and 1 more
nodejs.org #2236 200
File system | Node.js v26.12.0 Documentation
Node's file system API
1.5 s to pixels · 180801 px tall · 2 sheets · 0 pictures · 3 fonts
asks for @supports, @layer, @container, @scope ×1, filters, clipping paths, masks ×1
php.net #315 200
PHP: array_map - Manual
A PHP manual page
3.3 s to pixels · 16063 px tall · 4 sheets · 3 pictures · 5 fonts
asks for text-overflow ×3, rotations, scales and skews (translations are drawn) ×1
News
Front pages and sections of the world's newsrooms, as they are on the night of the render.
bbc.com #212 200
BBC News - Breaking news, video and the latest top stories from the U.S. and aro…
BBC News
20.3 s to pixels · 6238 px tall · 4 sheets · 22 pictures · 6 fonts
asks for rotations, scales and skews (translations are drawn) ×14, @supports, @layer, @container, @scope ×1, filters, clipping paths, masks ×1
theguardian.com #199 200
Latest news, sport and opinion from the Guardian
The Guardian, international edition
63.3 s to pixels · 18565 px tall · 21 sheets · 112 pictures · 4 fonts
asks for @supports, @layer, @container, @scope ×22, rotations, scales and skews (translations are drawn) ×16, filters, clipping paths, masks ×10
apnews.com #796 200
Associated Press News: Breaking News, Latest Headlines and Videos | AP News
The Associated Press
22.5 s to pixels · 18854 px tall · 28 sheets · 101 pictures · 8 fonts
asks for rotations, scales and skews (translations are drawn) ×42, filters, clipping paths, masks ×37, @supports, @layer, @container, @scope ×10, and 2 more
npr.org #496 200
NPR - Breaking News, Analysis, Music, Arts & Podcasts : NPR
NPR
28.0 s to pixels · 11992 px tall · 5 sheets · 144 pictures
asks for rotations, scales and skews (translations are drawn) ×38, @supports, @layer, @container, @scope ×14, text-overflow ×9, and 1 more
cnn.com #195 200
Breaking News, Latest News and Videos | CNN
CNN
28.5 s to pixels · 768 px tall · 5 sheets · 117 pictures · 4 fonts
asks for filters, clipping paths, masks ×123, @supports, @layer, @container, @scope ×114, rotations, scales and skews (translations are drawn) ×67, and 1 more
aljazeera.com #1412 200
Breaking News, World News and Video from Al Jazeera
Al Jazeera English
40.7 s to pixels · 4316 px tall · 15 sheets · 46 pictures (3 failed) · 5 fonts
asks for rotations, scales and skews (translations are drawn) ×51, @supports, @layer, @container, @scope ×39, filters, clipping paths, masks ×11, and 2 more
dw.com #1348 200
News and current affairs from Germany and around the world
Deutsche Welle, top stories
29.0 s to pixels · 9356 px tall · 6 sheets · 9 pictures
asks for rotations, scales and skews (translations are drawn) ×16, filters, clipping paths, masks ×6, multi-column layout ×2, and 1 more
lemonde.fr #690 200
Le Monde in English – World news, culture and opinion
Le Monde
5.6 s to pixels · 7339 px tall · 2 sheets · 27 pictures · 9 fonts
asks for rotations, scales and skews (translations are drawn) ×37, filters, clipping paths, masks ×16, text-overflow ×15, and 1 more
spiegel.de #791 200
DER SPIEGEL | Online-Nachrichten
Der Spiegel
38.8 s to pixels · 32661 px tall · 8 sheets · 299 pictures · 5 fonts
asks for rotations, scales and skews (translations are drawn) ×21, @supports, @layer, @container, @scope ×11, filters, clipping paths, masks ×1
nytimes.com #155 403
nytimes.com
The New York Times
2.2 s to pixels · 772 px tall · 1 sheet · 0 pictures
abc.net.au #1273 timed out
ABC News, Australia
the render did not finish within the time limit
Government
Public sites built to be read by everyone.
irs.gov #1351 200
Internal Revenue Service | An official website of the United States government
The US Internal Revenue Service
13.5 s to pixels · 4465 px tall · 7 sheets · 27 pictures · 3 fonts
asks for rotations, scales and skews (translations are drawn) ×30, filters, clipping paths, masks ×8, text-overflow ×6
gov.uk #289 200
Welcome to GOV.UK
GOV.UK
412 ms to pixels · 5226 px tall · 2 sheets · 4 pictures · 2 fonts
asks for @supports, @layer, @container, @scope ×63, filters, clipping paths, masks ×44, rotations, scales and skews (translations are drawn) ×32, and 2 more
usa.gov #2973 200
Making government services easier to find | USAGov
USA.gov
5.0 s to pixels · 3901 px tall · 6 sheets · 9 pictures · 5 fonts
asks for filters, clipping paths, masks ×35, @supports, @layer, @container, @scope ×33, multi-column layout ×7, and 2 more
nasa.gov #397 200
NASA
NASA
20.9 s to pixels · 7958 px tall · 14 sheets · 72 pictures (14 failed) · 1 font
asks for rotations, scales and skews (translations are drawn) ×26, filters, clipping paths, masks ×17, multi-column layout ×8, and 2 more
nih.gov #136 200
Health Information | National Institutes of Health (NIH)
The US National Institutes of Health
6.6 s to pixels · 4259 px tall · 33 sheets · 24 pictures · 4 fonts
asks for @supports, @layer, @container, @scope ×44, multi-column layout ×6, text-overflow ×6, and 2 more
european-union.europa.eu #113 200
Your gateway to the EU, News, Highlights | European Union
The European Union
11.1 s to pixels · 5856 px tall · 5 sheets · 9 pictures
asks for filters, clipping paths, masks ×63, rotations, scales and skews (translations are drawn) ×59, @supports, @layer, @container, @scope ×21, and 2 more
canada.ca #1275 200
Home - Canada.ca
The Government of Canada
9.1 s to pixels · 4087 px tall · 7 sheets · 15 pictures · 5 fonts
asks for rotations, scales and skews (translations are drawn) ×49, multi-column layout ×20, filters, clipping paths, masks ×7, and 2 more
weather.gov #2331 200
National Weather Service
The US National Weather Service
1.9 s to pixels · 1357 px tall · 10 sheets · 14 pictures
asks for filters, clipping paths, masks ×9, text-overflow ×1
Blogs and their engines
Sites built with the tools most personal blogs run on, and the hosted platforms.
gohugo.io #4449 200
Hugo Documentation
Hugo's documentation, a Hugo site
1.3 s to pixels · 2518 px tall · 2 sheets · 4 pictures · 1 font
asks for @supports, @layer, @container, @scope ×25, filters, clipping paths, masks ×7, text-overflow ×3, and 1 more
jekyllrb.com #12641 200
Quickstart | Jekyll • Simple, blog-aware, static sites
Jekyll's documentation, a Jekyll site
999 ms to pixels · 3099 px tall · 1 sheet · 2 pictures · 5 fonts
asks for filters, clipping paths, masks ×9, rotations, scales and skews (translations are drawn) ×1
wordpress.org #47 200
WordPress News – The latest news about WordPress and the WordPress community
The WordPress news blog
2.3 s to pixels · 2770 px tall · 29 sheets · 6 pictures · 3 fonts
asks for rotations, scales and skews (translations are drawn) ×12, filters, clipping paths, masks ×10, multi-column layout ×4, and 1 more
ghost.org #4166 200
Ghost Resources — Stories & Ideas About Indie Publishing
The Ghost blog
2.8 s to pixels · 4250 px tall · 12 sheets · 7 pictures · 1 font
asks for rotations, scales and skews (translations are drawn) ×13, text-overflow ×6, @supports, @layer, @container, @scope ×1
medium.com #193 200
Medium: Read and write stories.
Medium
16.4 s to pixels · 768 px tall · 11 sheets · 1 picture · 2 fonts
asks for text-overflow ×2
on.substack.com #439 403
Just a moment...
A Substack newsletter
12.9 s to pixels · 768 px tall · 2 sheets · 1 picture (1 failed)
asks for rotations, scales and skews (translations are drawn) ×17
dev.to #3696 200
DEV Community
DEV Community
6.0 s to pixels · 6061 px tall · 10 sheets · 107 pictures
asks for rotations, scales and skews (translations are drawn) ×34, text-overflow ×20, filters, clipping paths, masks ×13, and 2 more
android-developers.googleblog.com #330 200
Android Developers Blog
A Blogger-hosted blog
8.8 s to pixels · 8139 px tall · 10 sheets · 42 pictures · 8 fonts
asks for rotations, scales and skews (translations are drawn) ×91, text-overflow ×28, filters, clipping paths, masks ×27, and 1 more
Link aggregators
Dense lists of links, the oldest layout on the web.
news.ycombinator.com #2258 200
Hacker News
Hacker News
687 ms to pixels · 1112 px tall · 1 sheet · 2 pictures
asks for rotations, scales and skews (translations are drawn) ×3, text-overflow ×1
lobste.rs #47340 200
Lobsters
Lobsters
858 ms to pixels · 4042 px tall · 3 sheets · 25 pictures
asks for filters, clipping paths, masks ×3
digg.com #2443 200
Digg - News, before it trends
Digg
15.4 s to pixels · 940 px tall · 3 sheets · 126 pictures · 1 font
asks for @supports, @layer, @container, @scope ×460, rotations, scales and skews (translations are drawn) ×85, filters, clipping paths, masks ×31, and 1 more
slashdot.org #2543 200
Slashdot: News for nerds, stuff that matters, & software
Slashdot
5.5 s to pixels · 13902 px tall · 12 sheets · 22 pictures (4 failed) · 1 font
asks for rotations, scales and skews (translations are drawn) ×54, multi-column layout ×6, filters, clipping paths, masks ×5, and 1 more
The standards
The specifications the engine is written against, rendered by it.
html.spec.whatwg.org #8672 200
HTML Standard
The HTML standard's parsing chapter
1.8 s to pixels · 172383 px tall · 4 sheets · 2 pictures
asks for filters, clipping paths, masks ×2, multi-column layout ×1, text-overflow ×1
url.spec.whatwg.org #8672 200
URL Standard
The URL standard
1.7 s to pixels · 79882 px tall · 6 sheets · 1 picture
asks for filters, clipping paths, masks ×3, text-overflow ×2
dom.spec.whatwg.org #8672 200
DOM Standard
The DOM standard
4.5 s to pixels · 231498 px tall · 6 sheets · 1 picture
asks for filters, clipping paths, masks ×3, text-overflow ×2
w3.org #188 200
Visual formatting model
CSS 2.2, the visual formatting model
496 ms to pixels · 43861 px tall · 4 sheets · 18 pictures
asks for filters, clipping paths, masks ×1, multi-column layout ×1
w3.org #188 200
CSS Flexible Box Layout Module Level 1
CSS Flexible Box Layout
3.4 s to pixels · 134130 px tall · 14 sheets · 22 pictures
asks for @supports, @layer, @container, @scope ×1, filters, clipping paths, masks ×1, multi-column layout ×1, and 1 more
rfc-editor.org #1718 200
RFC 9110: HTTP Semantics
RFC 9110, HTTP Semantics
1.5 s to pixels · 183303 px tall · 5 sheets · 0 pictures · 4 fonts
The plain web
Text-first and table-built pages: the web as it was written before scripts.
text.npr.org #496 200
NPR : National Public Radio
NPR's text-only edition
1.0 s to pixels · 1338 px tall · 1 sheet · 0 pictures
lite.cnn.com #195 200
Breaking News, Latest News and Videos | CNN
CNN's text-only edition
225 ms to pixels · 3126 px tall · 2 sheets · 0 pictures
craigslist.org #945 200
craigslist > sites
Craigslist's list of sites
7.2 s to pixels · 6273 px tall · 3 sheets · 8 pictures
asks for filters, clipping paths, masks ×8, multi-column layout ×2, text-overflow ×2, and 1 more
w3schools.com #1793 200
HTML Tables
A tutorial page on tables
28.6 s to pixels · 6866 px tall · 29 sheets · 31 pictures · 4 fonts
asks for rotations, scales and skews (translations are drawn) ×35, filters, clipping paths, masks ×21, @supports, @layer, @container, @scope ×1, and 1 more
textfiles.com #26927 200
T E X T F I L E S D O T C O M
textfiles.com, over plain HTTP
213 ms to pixels · 628 px tall · 0 sheets · 6 pictures
gutenberg.org #2668 200
Top 100 | Project Gutenberg
Project Gutenberg's most downloaded
583 ms to pixels · 15916 px tall · 8 sheets · 2 pictures
asks for rotations, scales and skews (translations are drawn) ×6, multi-column layout ×3, filters, clipping paths, masks ×2, and 1 more
arxiv.org #481 200
Programming Languages
An arXiv listing
2.1 s to pixels · 3546 px tall · 8 sheets · 4 pictures · 5 fonts
asks for filters, clipping paths, masks ×9, rotations, scales and skews (translations are drawn) ×1
timeanddate.com #2088 200
The World Clock — Worldwide
The world clock, a table
10.2 s to pixels · 2825 px tall · 7 sheets · 7 pictures · 1 font
asks for filters, clipping paths, masks ×9, rotations, scales and skews (translations are drawn) ×5, @supports, @layer, @container, @scope ×3, and 1 more
lwn.net #10902 200
Welcome to LWN.net [LWN.net]
LWN.net
769 ms to pixels · 4227 px tall · 2 sheets · 3 pictures
Pictures
Pages whose point is the pictures on them.
xkcd.com #3642 200
xkcd: Momentum Demonstration
xkcd
302 ms to pixels · 1312 px tall · 1 sheet · 5 pictures
science.nasa.gov #397 200
APOD - NASA Science
Astronomy Picture of the Day
13.2 s to pixels · 2949 px tall · 19 sheets · 39 pictures (5 failed) · 6 fonts
asks for rotations, scales and skews (translations are drawn) ×35, filters, clipping paths, masks ×19, @supports, @layer, @container, @scope ×8, and 2 more
commons.wikimedia.org #252 200
Wikimedia Commons
Wikimedia Commons
1.7 s to pixels · 2908 px tall · 14 sheets · 21 pictures
asks for @supports, @layer, @container, @scope ×277, filters, clipping paths, masks ×53, rotations, scales and skews (translations are drawn) ×36, and 2 more
en.wikipedia.org #31 200
Painting - Wikipedia
An illustrated encyclopedia article
2.3 s to pixels · 24717 px tall · 18 sheets · 53 pictures
asks for @supports, @layer, @container, @scope ×173, filters, clipping paths, masks ×40, rotations, scales and skews (translations are drawn) ×31, and 2 more
nasa.gov #397 200
Image of the Day - NASA
NASA's image of the day
9.4 s to pixels · 4919 px tall · 5 sheets · 79 pictures (31 failed) · 1 font
asks for rotations, scales and skews (translations are drawn) ×20, filters, clipping paths, masks ×17, multi-column layout ×8, and 2 more
smashingmagazine.com #5602 200
Smashing Magazine — For Web Designers And Developers
Smashing Magazine
2.1 s to pixels · 11594 px tall · 3 sheets · 26 pictures (1 failed) · 6 fonts
asks for rotations, scales and skews (translations are drawn) ×7, @supports, @layer, @container, @scope ×1
loc.gov #616 200
Library of Congress Free to Use and Reuse | Library of Congress
The Library of Congress's free-to-use sets
6.2 s to pixels · 8805 px tall · 3 sheets · 115 pictures · 6 fonts
asks for rotations, scales and skews (translations are drawn) ×60, filters, clipping paths, masks ×14, text-overflow ×11, and 2 more
unsplash.com #409 401
Making sure you're not a bot!
Unsplash
10.2 s to pixels · 769 px tall · 3 sheets · 2 pictures
The TLS report card
badssl.com's deliberately broken certificates: the right answer for each bad one is a refusal, with no way through.
badssl.com #95195 200
badssl.com
The badssl.com index, a valid certificate
913 ms to pixels · 2515 px tall · 3 sheets · 1 picture
asks for rotations, scales and skews (translations are drawn) ×6
expired.badssl.com #95195 certificate refused
An expired certificate
TLS handshake or certificate validation failed for expired.badssl.com
self-signed.badssl.com #95195 certificate refused
A self-signed certificate
TLS handshake or certificate validation failed for self-signed.badssl.com
wrong.host.badssl.com #95195 certificate refused
A certificate for another host
TLS handshake or certificate validation failed for wrong.host.badssl.com
untrusted-root.badssl.com #95195 certificate refused
A certificate from an untrusted root
TLS handshake or certificate validation failed for untrusted-root.badssl.com
revoked.badssl.com #95195 certificate refused
A revoked certificate
TLS handshake or certificate validation failed for revoked.badssl.com
http.badssl.com #95195 200
http.badssl.com
A page over plain HTTP
237 ms to pixels · 768 px tall · 2 sheets · 0 pictures
The ten most visited
The top of the list as it stands — mostly applications that draw themselves with scripts, shown here as they arrive without any.
google.com #1 200
1.7 s to pixels · 768 px tall · 65 sheets · 2 pictures · 1 font
asks for rotations, scales and skews (translations are drawn) ×42, text-overflow ×11, filters, clipping paths, masks ×10, and 1 more
facebook.com #3 200
2.6 s to pixels · 768 px tall · 3 sheets · 0 pictures
asks for rotations, scales and skews (translations are drawn) ×737, filters, clipping paths, masks ×297, @supports, @layer, @container, @scope ×99, and 2 more
microsoft.com #6 200
Microsoft – AI, Cloud, Productivity, Computing, Gaming & Apps
Microsoft
74.4 s to pixels · 560 px tall · 16 sheets · 40 pictures · 2 fonts
asks for rotations, scales and skews (translations are drawn) ×29, text-overflow ×2, filters, clipping paths, masks ×1
youtube.com #8 200
YouTube
YouTube
5.7 s to pixels · 888 px tall · 17 sheets · 0 pictures · 3 fonts
asks for @supports, @layer, @container, @scope ×776, text-overflow ×765, rotations, scales and skews (translations are drawn) ×308, and 1 more
apple.com #9 200
Apple
Apple
8.9 s to pixels · 13027 px tall · 8 sheets · 52 pictures · 2 fonts
asks for filters, clipping paths, masks ×57, rotations, scales and skews (translations are drawn) ×23, @supports, @layer, @container, @scope ×19, and 1 more
instagram.com #11 200
4.5 s to pixels · 768 px tall · 3 sheets · 0 pictures
asks for rotations, scales and skews (translations are drawn) ×329, filters, clipping paths, masks ×107, @supports, @layer, @container, @scope ×79, and 1 more
x.com #17 200
X. It’s what’s happening / X
Twitter, which forwards to X
5.9 s to pixels · 768 px tall · 6 sheets · 1 picture · 3 fonts
asks for @supports, @layer, @container, @scope ×158, rotations, scales and skews (translations are drawn) ×120, filters, clipping paths, masks ×53, and 1 more
linkedin.com #18 200
LinkedIn: Log In or Sign Up
3.5 s to pixels · 6651 px tall · 1 sheet · 1 picture
asks for rotations, scales and skews (translations are drawn) ×46, text-overflow ×7, filters, clipping paths, masks ×3
m365.cloud.microsoft #21 200
Microsoft 365 - Sign into Copilot
Office, which forwards to Microsoft 365
18.3 s to pixels · 3883 px tall · 9 sheets · 21 pictures · 5 fonts
asks for rotations, scales and skews (translations are drawn) ×43, filters, clipping paths, masks ×9, text-overflow ×6, and 1 more
outlook.live.com #24 200, no text
Outlook
Live, which forwards to Outlook
1.1 s to pixels · 768 px tall · 2 sheets · 1 picture
asks for rotations, scales and skews (translations are drawn) ×13
Projects and communities
Source hosting, question sites, and the homes of languages and distributions.
github.com #29 200
GitHub - codingncaffeine/Sashfold: A web browser engine written from scratch —…
Sashfold's own repository on GitHub
14.7 s to pixels · 3899 px tall · 23 sheets · 5 pictures
asks for rotations, scales and skews (translations are drawn) ×124, filters, clipping paths, masks ×87, @supports, @layer, @container, @scope ×71, and 1 more
stackoverflow.com #506 403
Just a moment...
A Stack Overflow question
885 ms to pixels · 768 px tall · 1 sheet · 0 pictures
python.org #746 200
Welcome to Python.org
Python
2.0 s to pixels · 3057 px tall · 4 sheets · 1 picture · 6 fonts
asks for rotations, scales and skews (translations are drawn) ×10, filters, clipping paths, masks ×8, text-overflow ×2
rust-lang.org #6808 200
Rust Programming Language
Rust
580 ms to pixels · 3161 px tall · 4 sheets · 9 pictures · 5 fonts
asks for rotations, scales and skews (translations are drawn) ×32, text-overflow ×4
debian.org #294 200
Debian -- The Universal Operating System
Debian
1.6 s to pixels · 2994 px tall · 6 sheets · 16 pictures
asks for rotations, scales and skews (translations are drawn) ×1
wiki.archlinux.org #2695 200
Installation guide - ArchWiki
The Arch Linux wiki
6.2 s to pixels · 9431 px tall · 5 sheets · 2 pictures
asks for @supports, @layer, @container, @scope ×86, filters, clipping paths, masks ×23, rotations, scales and skews (translations are drawn) ×6, and 2 more
How to read a card: the pill is the HTTP status when a page arrived (200 with text on the page counts as loaded; 200 with no text is a page that draws itself with scripts), certificate refused when the connection was turned away — the right answer for the broken certificates, a wrong one anywhere else — and unreachable, timed out or crashed when nothing rendered. The time is the whole of it: request, stylesheets, pictures, parse, style, layout and paint, one page per process, from a GitHub Actions runner. Rows greyed out use right-to-left scripts, which the engine does not shape yet. The corpus is tests/sashfold100/corpus.txt in the repository; tools/sashfold100.sh renders it.